![]() These formalities ensured that the owners of the copyright could be identified and located, and moved all other works to the public domain, where it was available for use without permissions. Prior to 1976, the US Copyright Act required a series of formalities as a prerequisite for copyright, where failure to comply would lead to forfeiture of copyright protection. As such, the potential societal benefits provided by these new technologies also presents a risk to the incomes of original creators and the firms that invest in the production of those works. At the same time these new technologies have given the individual user the ability to create works based on those previously created, such as writings of fan fiction for favourite movies, spoofs and parody’s of films and television shows, and reproductions of existing music. These new technologies have given the ability for society to consume, distribute and create content that is both innovative and socially beneficial, from the professional and amateur writings in personal or networked blogs and wikis, photography that’s edited and posted online, music and movie production at home or private studio for upload to online sites such as YouTube and Facebook, all of which can qualify for copyright protection. When linked with the internet and its decentralised end-to-end architecture, widespread distribution with little requirement of physical distribution is enabled for almost anyone with a computer. Continuing improvements in computer technology gave the ability of digitisation, enabling exact copies of creative works at a cost-approaching zero. Prior to the convergence of ‘the internet’ and personal computer (“PC”) technology, many of the traditional business models that relied on copyright were not only protected by copyright laws, but also protected by the cost of obtaining the necessary infrastructure to make high volume copies and distribution networks for those high volume copies.
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