Under the Ottomans, Kandiye ( Ottoman Turkish قنديه) was the capital of Crete ( Girit Eyâleti) until 1849, when Chania ( Hanya) became the capital, and Kandiye became a sancak. The Ottoman army under an Albanian grand vizier, Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha conquered the city in 1669. In its final phase, which lasted for 22 months, 70,000 Turks, 38,000 Cretans and slaves and 29,088 of the city's Christian defenders perished. The coexistence of two different cultures and the stimulus of the Italian Renaissance led to a flourishing of letters and the arts in Candia and Crete in general, that is today known as the Cretan Renaissance.įurther information: Cretan War (1645–1669)ĭuring the Cretan War (1645–1669), the Ottomans besieged the city for 21 years, from 1648 to 1669, the longest siege in history up until that time. To secure their rule, the Venetians began in 1212 to settle families from Venice on Crete. The city retained the name of Candia for centuries and the same name was often used to refer to the whole island of Crete as well. Chandax was renamed Candia and became the seat of the Duke of Candia, and the Venetian administrative district of Crete became known as "Regno di Candia" ( Kingdom of Candia). The Venetians improved on the ditch of the city by building enormous fortifications, most of which are still in place, including a giant wall, in places up to 40 m thick, with 7 bastions, and a fortress in the harbour. In 1204, the city was bought by the Republic of Venice as part of a complicated political deal which involved, among other things, the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade restoring the deposed Eastern Roman Emperor Isaac II Angelus to his throne. ( December 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. The snake goddess (c.1600 BC) in Heraklion Archaeological Museum Antiquity Knossos had a port at the site of Heraklion (in the Poros-Katsambas neighborhood) from the beginning of the Early Minoan period (3500 to 2100 BC). Heraklion is close to the ruins of the palace of Knossos, which in Minoan times was the largest centre of population on Crete. History Knossos is located within the Municipality of Heraklion and has been called Europe's oldest city Minoan era The ancient name Ηράκλειον was revived in the 19th century and comes from the nearby Roman port of Heracleum (" Heracles's city"), whose exact location is unknown. Īfter the Byzantine reconquest of Crete, the city was locally known as Megalo Kastro ( Μεγάλο Κάστρο, 'Big Castle' in Greek) and its inhabitants were called Kastrinoi (Καστρινοί, "castle-dwellers"). This was hellenized as Χάνδαξ ( Chándax) or Χάνδακας ( Chándakas) and Latinized as Candia, which was taken into other European languages: in Italian and Latin as Candia, in French as Candie, in English as Candy, all of which could refer to the island of Crete as a whole as well as to the city alone the Ottoman name was Kandiye. The Arab traders from al-Andalus (Iberia) who founded the Emirate of Crete moved the island's capital from Gortyna to a new castle they called rabḍ al-ḫandaq ( Arabic: ربض الخندق, "Castle of the Moat") in the 820s. According to the ranking, Heraklion was ranked as the 20th most visited region in Europe, as the 66th area on the planet and as the 2nd in Greece for the year 2017, with 3.2 million visitors and the 19th in Europe for 2018, with 3.4 million visitors. Heraklion was Europe's fastest growing tourism destination for 2017, according to Euromonitor, with an 11.2% growth in international arrivals. It is the second most visited archaeological site in Greece, after the Parthenon. The ancient Minoan palace at Knossos is located 5.5 km (3.1m) southeast of the city. It is the fourth largest city in Greece with a municipal population of 177,064 and 211,370 in its wider metropolitan area, according to the 2011 census. Heraklion or Iraklion ( / h ɪ ˈ r æ k l i ə n/ hih- RAK-lee-ən Greek: Ηράκλειο, Irákleio, pronounced ) is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit.
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